Common Editing and Proofreading Marks in Composition

When your instructor returns a composition, are you sometimes puzzled by the abbreviations and symbols that appear in the margins? If so, this guide should help you decipher those marks during the editing and proofreading stages of the writing process. Common Proofreading Marks Explained The following proofreading marks have a brief explanation of the definition your instructor is likely trying to convey for your revisions. ab: Abbreviation  (Use a standard abbreviation or write out the word in full.) ad: Adjective or adverb  (Use the correct form of the modifier.) agr: Agreement  (Use the correct ending to make the verb agree with its subject.) awk: Awkward expression or construction. cap: Capital letter  (Replace a lowercase letter with a capital letter.) case: Case  (Use the appropriate case of the pronoun: subjective, objective, or possessive.) clichà ©: Clichà ©Ã‚  (Replace the worn-out expression with a fresh figure of speech.) coh: Coherence  and cohesion (Make clear connections as you move from one point to the next.) coord: Coordination  (Use coordinating conjunctions to relate equal ideas.) cs: Comma splice  (Replace the comma with a period or a conjunction.) d: Diction  (Replace the word with one thats more precise or appropriate.) dm: Dangling modifier  (Add a word so that the modifier refers to something in the sentence.)   emph: Emphasis  (Restructure the sentence to emphasize a key word or phrase.) frag: Sentence fragment  (Add a subject or verb to make this word group complete.) fs: Fused sentence  (Separate the word group into two sentences.) gloss: Glossary of usage  (Check the glossary to see how to use this word correctly.) hyph: Hyphen  (Insert a hyphen between these two words or word parts.) inc: Incomplete construction. irreg: Irregular verb  (Check our index of verbs to find the correct form of this irregular verb.) ital: Italics  (Put the marked word or phrase in italics.) jarg: Jargon  (Replace the expression with one your readers will understand.) lc: Lowercase letter (Replace a capital letter with a lowercase letter.) mm: Misplaced modifier  (Move the modifier so that it clearly refers to an appropriate word.) mood: Mood  (Use the correct mood of the verb.) nonst: Nonstandard usage  (Use standard words and word forms in formal writing.) org: Organization  (Organize information clearly and logically.) p: Punctuation  (Use an appropriate mark of punctuation.) apostrophe : colon , comma —  dash . period ? question mark quotation marks  ¶: Paragraph break  (Begin a new paragraph at this point.) //: Parallelism  (Express paired words, phrases, or clauses in grammatically parallel form.) pro: Pronoun  (Use a pronoun that refers clearly to a noun.) run-on: Run-on (fused) sentence  (Separate the word group into two sentences.) slang: Slang  (Replace the marked word or phrase with a more formal or conventional expression.) sp: Spelling  (Correct a misspelled word or spell out an abbreviation.) subord: Subordination  (Use a subordinating conjunction to connect a supporting word group to the main idea.) tense: Tense  (Use the correct tense of the verb.) trans: Transition  (Add an appropriate transitional expression to guide readers from one point to the next.) unity: Unity  (Dont stray too far from your main idea.) v/^: Missing letter(s) or word(s). #: Insert a space. wordy: Wordy writing (Cut out unnecessary words.) ww: Wrong word (Use a dictionary to find a more appropriate word.)

Tragedy in The Merchant of Venice - 1472 Words

According to dictionary.com, a tragedy is a form of art based on human suffering; furthermore, it is a dramatic composition, dealing with a serious or somber theme, typically that of a great person destined through a flaw of character or conflict with some overpowering force, as fate or society, to downfall or destruction. Tragedy elements are that in which a protagonist agonizes disconnection from society and also, he or she makes an error or shows awful decision making. There are typically deaths which arise at the end or near the end of the play. The Merchant of Venice can be classified as a tragedy because it contains the rather sinister elements generally found in tragedies and the play Antigone can be considered a tragedy, because of†¦show more content†¦As soon as Shylock becomes conscious of the information about Antonio’s penalty, he, additionally, apprehends news that his daughter, Jessica, runs away to wed a Christian. Shylock’s answers saying, †Å"I’ll plague him [Antonio]; I’ll torture him† (Shakespeare 3.1.13). Perhaps, Shylock is trying to reimburse for the defeat of his own flesh and blood (Jessica) by means of commanding to have a little bit of Antonio’s flesh and blood. Since Antonio is incapable to compensate back his lend, Shylock agonizes him and desires to have him lifeless by resolutely nagging to get the portion of Antonio’s flesh. In Antigone, the two protagonists, Antigone and Creon can equally declare the title tragic hero. In the story of Antigone, Oedipus already died and his two sons, Polyneices and Eteocles, are left to contend for the throne of Thebes. During their conflict for the throne, the two brothers slay one another, leaving Creon to be the King of Thebes. He issues a ruling allowing a memorial service to one of the brothers, however, not to the other. He respects Eteocles for protecting the city, but leaves Polyneices elsewhere to rot. Nevertheless, as being a pa rt of his family, it is Antigone’s responsibility and right to inter both of her brothers, and she does this. In Creon’s decree, he issues the death penalty for Antigone. During this time, Creon progressively becomes obstinate and will not listen to anyone, not even the Gods. Creon imprisons Antigone lively.The mysticShow MoreRelatedThe Merchant Of Venice As A Tragedy1363 Words   |  6 PagesThe Merchant of Venice is a tragedy Jean Racine, a French dramatist of the 17th century France, states, â€Å"Life is a comedy to those who think, a tragedy to those who feel† (Goodreads). In the early days of its staging, the play The Merchant of Venice written by William Shakespeare is considered to be a comedy, but as the world develops there is controversy as whether to believe that the play is actually a tragedy. The play is centered on two main plots: the bond plot and the casket plot. The bondRead MoreThe Merchant Of Venice : Comedy Or Tragedy? Essay1416 Words   |  6 PagesDecember 2015 The Merchant of Venice: Comedy or Tragedy? Intro: William Shakespeare’s The Merchant of Venice is a perplexing story of dark humor, race, religion, identity, love, and justice. Generally, most people understand The Merchant of Venice as a comedy about a bitter and outcasted Jewish moneylender named Shylock who seeks revenge against a Christian merchant who has failed to pay his loan back. However, there are many different perspectives on whether The Merchant of Venice is a comedy orRead MoreCharacteristics Of Tragedy In The Merchant Of Venice939 Words   |  4 PagesThe Merchant of Venice by William Shakespeare is often called a problem play because it does not neatly fit the characteristics of either a comedy or a tragedy. A tragedy is a drama or literary work in which one of the main characters is brought to ruin or suffer extreme sorrow, especially as a tragic flaw or moral weakness. The Merchant of Venice has a character that is brought to ruin. It also has many other characteristics of a tragedy. Most of the events being serious is one of the characteristicsRead MoreThe Merchant Of Venice : Tragedy, Comedy Or Tragicomedy1363 Words   |  6 PagesProfessor Silva English 200 13 January 2017 The Merchant of Venice: Tragedy, Comedy or Tragicomedy Can time and historical events affect the categorization of a literary piece? William Shakespeare’s The Merchant of Venice is a play that is difficult to classify in a specific genre. It is often referred to as one of his problem plays. This means that it does not easily fall into a single category. Most literary sources categorize The Merchant of Venice as a comedy because it fits the description byRead MoreThe Tragedy of Shylock, a Critical essay on Shakespeares Merchant of Venice2008 Words   |  9 PagesRaymond Schmit ï ¿ ½ PAGE * MERGEFORMAT ï ¿ ½6ï ¿ ½ Shakespeare The Tragedy of Shylock I had not read the _Merchant of Venice_ before this class. All of my familiarity with the play was based on hearsay, and for some reason I got the idea in my heads that it was a tragedy. I thought that Shylock_did_ receive a pound of flesh from Antonio, but that it was just skin removed from his back. This gruesome image was what I was waiting for during my entire reading of the play. But I was pleasantly surprised toRead MoreThe Merchant Of Venice : A Story Of Despair And Pain714 Words   |  3 PagesLogan Steenstra Mrs.Kleinmeyer Gifted Communication Arts II 29 April 2016 The Merchant of Comedy The Merchant of Venice, a story of despair and pain. Wait, nevermind it’s a comedy. There are too many humorous scenes for it not to be a comedy. It may not seem very funny but, in this time period this play would have been very humerous. I still think this play is a comedy because what isn’t funny about women pretending to be men, how Shylock and if you compare this play to Shakespeare’s other worksRead MoreThe Merchant of Venice Is a Tragicomedy....I Got 32/35 so Its a Good Essay1558 Words   |  7 PagesA tragedy is a drama or literary work in which the protagonist is brought to ruin or suffers sorrow, especially as a consequence of tragic flaw or moral weakness. Where as, a comedy is a drama or literary work, that is light and often humorous or satirical in tone and it usually contains a happy resolution of the thematic conflict. Thus, a tragicomedy is a fictional work that blends aspects of the genres tragedy and comedy. In Shakespeare’s time a tr agicomedy referred to a serious play with a happyRead MoreXenophobia in Othello and the Merchant of Venice1541 Words   |  7 Pagesand Tragedies From 1589 to 1613 William Shakespeare produced some of the most original, thought-provoking and emotionally compelling plays, sonnets, and poetry. Two of his finest pieces of work, Othello and The Merchant of Venice feature dynamic characters, and insights into the chivalry and the xenophobic disposition of the English people at the time. Throughout these two stories, three primary female characters emerge, Desdemona from Othello, and Portia and Jessica from The Merchant of VeniceRead MoreRole of Women in Shakespeares Plays - a Case Study of Macbeth and the Merchant of Venice1499 Words   |  6 PagesRoman and Italian models and history plays in the popular chronicle tradition. His second period begin in about 1595 with the tragedy â€Å"Romeo and Juliet† and ended with the tragedy of â€Å"Julius Caesar† in 1599. During this time, he wrote what are considered his greatest comedies and histories. From about 1600 to about 1608, his â€Å"tragic period†, Shakespeare wrote mostly tragedies, and from 1608 to 1613, mainly tragicomedies called romances. (â€Å"WilliamRead MoreCommon Features of a Shakespeare Comedy1745 Words   |  7 PagesCommon Features of a Shakespeare Comedy What makes a Shakespeare comedy identifiable if the genre is not distinct from the Shakespeare tragedies and histories? This is an ongoing area of debate, but many believe that the comedies share certain characteristics, as described below: * Comedy through language: Shakespeare communicated his comedy through language and his comedy plays are peppered with clever word play, metaphors and insults. 1. Love: The theme of love is prevalent in every

What Was the Cold War about Free Essays

The Cold War saw an opposition between the world’s two incredible forces: the democratic, capitalist United States, and the communist Soviet Union. Both the U.S. We will write a custom essay sample on What Was the Cold War about? or any similar topic only for you Order Now and Soviet Union would fight to have the best technology in space. As World War II came to an end, both the U.S. and the Soviets captured German rocket technology, and engineers. The U.S. most valued recruitment after the war was the rocket engineer Wernher von Braun. Braun would lead the space program for the U.S. The Soviets most valued recruitment for there space program was Sergei Korolev. In 1955, both the U.S. and the Soviet Union announced they will be working on launching satellites into space. On October 4, 1957 the Soviets took the lead by launching the first man-made satellite into orbit called Sputnik I. This device was small metal sphere. It was little, and light. In fact Sputnik I only weighted 183.9 pounds. This device only use was to transmit radio signals from orbit. However, the American viewed the successful launch of Sputnik I as a threat. During the height of the cold war, Sputnik I was viewed as a tool capable of sending nuclear bombs to the United States. Many also saw the launch as a way of the soviets proving there technological superiority over the U.S. President Eisenhower realized America was losing it’s position in the World, lagging behind the communists. This is the event that would commence the space race between the U.S. and the Soviets. After Sputnik I, the Soviets quickly launched Sputnik II. What’s interesting about Sputnik II is that it launched the first living dog to orbit. The dog’s name was Lika, and the Soviets managed to send it in space and have it return safely back to earth. This further proved the Soviet superiority over the United States. In January 1958, The United States finally managed to send there satellite into orbit successfully. This satellite was called Explorer I. This was a tremendous achievement for the U.S. However, the U.S. was still behind the Soviet Union. President Eisenhower recognized the Soviet supremacy in the space race and in 1958 Eisenhower created the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). Eisenhower noted that NASA was to be a historic step for the United States, and to promote America for advancing in the space race. The Soviet Union had a tremendous lead on the U.S,. and the U.S. was lacking behind. The Soviet Union made this even more profound when in April, 1961, the Soviets sent Yuri Gagarin into orbit. The satellite, and the dog, were nothing compared to the achievement of sending a man into space safley. Gagarin was the first man in the history of mankind to have ever leave earth, a Soviet. A month later in May, 1961, the U.S. sent Alan Shepard into space, the first American to be sent into orbit safley. Both Gagarin and Shepard were honored in there countries and around the world. However, the Soviets were still a leg up in the space race. Before Gagarin, U.S. President Kennedy was not interested in space investigations. Kennedy would see the missions of NASA as overpriced, and not in the best thing for Americans. However, as he saw the reaction of the Soviets and the United States Gagarin and Shepard he knew action was needed. President Kennedy would later meet with NASA’s Director, Wernher von Braun, with one mission: to be the first country to send a man to the moon. JFK proposed his idea to congress about his plan, he wanted to put a man on the moon by the end of the decade. Kennedy was able to earn funding for NASA to follow his intriguing proposal. This funding given by congress allowed NASA to go on new projects. These projects included the Mercury Program which allowed astronaut John Glenn to orbit the earth, and project Gemini which accomplished to launch a craft with two astronauts inside instead of one, it see the first American, Ed White, to walk in space, and would accomplish the first docking of two spacecraft together in Earth’s Orbit. These projects aimed to getting the U.S. closer there main goal of putting a man on the moon. The Soviets achieved impressive projects as well; Alexi Leonov from the Soviet Union became the first person to walk in space for 12 minutes and 9 seconds, this occurred a few months before the U.S. accomplished it. Both the U.S. and the Soviet Union completed many historic projects and missions. The United States put there full effort in putting a man on the moon, thus, the Apollo program was created. The first mission failed terrifically, and the result was the deaths of three astronauts because the command module caught on fire. After every issue was solved for under the leadership of Wernher von Braun, NASA developed the Saturn V. The Soviets have created a rocket of there own, the NI-L3, led by Sergei Korolev; this rocket was also made with the intent to send a man to the moon, however, in 1966 Korolev died and the progress of the Soviet mission has stalled. On the contrary, on the American side the Apollo missions were progressing vastly. In December, 1968 NASA successfully managed to send three astronauts around the Moon and return to Earth safely. Finally, on July 16th, 1969, The U.S. launched Apollo 11 into space, heading toward the moon. Inside Apollo 11 was astronauts Neil Armstrong, Edwin Buzz Aldrin, and Michael Collins. The trip was very dangerous, malfunctions were common, and the lunar module (nicknamed the Eagle) was forced to be landed manually. On July 20th, 1969, â€Å"The Eagle† successfully landed on the moon’s surface. Neil Armstrong and Edwin Buzz were in the Eagle while Michael Collins orbited the moon, securing Armstrong and Buzz departure safley. Armstrong stepped out in the moon becoming the first man to walk on the moon. A historic moment for the U.S. and mankind, a fifth of the world stopped to see the landing. There is where Armstrong said his most famous words, â€Å"that’s one small step for man, a giant leap for mankind† (-Armstrong). Weeks before the U.S. moon landing the Soviets faced a large loss in their race to the moon, weeks before the American moon landing the Soviets suffered a major explosion in there NI-L3 rocket. After the Soviet failure, and the Americans triumph, Soviet support to reach the moon diminished. America won the space race to the moon. The Soviet, instead of working on reaching the moon, worked on a different project: to build the first space station. The Soviets were successful in this, in 1971 Salyut I was the first space station in orbit. In 1973 the U.S. followed the Soviets achievement with there own space station known as Skylab. However, interest in space missions were diminishing in the public, and President Nixon had no interest in continuing anything other than the space shuttle program. Relations with the Soviet Union and the U.S. increased, and in 1975 the Americans and the Soviets teamed together for a joint space station called Apollo-Soyuz. As the two crafts docked together, commanders of both ships shook hands, symbolizing the peace between the two nations. Above all, the landing of the moon has been considered as the greatest achievement in human history, and the space race eventually helped ease tension between the Soviet Union and the U.S. How to cite What Was the Cold War about?, Papers

Brave New World by Adlous Huxley Essay Example For Students

Brave New World by Adlous Huxley Essay In the past 100 years, the world has completely turned around. The technological and computer revolutions have completely changed the way the world works. Henry Ford revolutionized factorial production through the creation of the assembly line. It increased efficiency and a basic standard of conformity among products, therefore making the company a lot more successful. The rest of the industry creating a nation-wide revolution based on efficiency adopted this new innovation. Following the innovation of the assembly line, a new era of development came into existence. In the 1970s, computers were first introduced. Although they were as large as a room and could only play tic tac toe, they were the start of the technological revolution that made our society what it is today. Hundreds, if not thousands, of new inventions were thought of each year, creating new jobs and a new way of life. Records and files previously kept in file cabinets are now all computerized. Every persons life is computerized: identification, police reports, ones house and work. Almost every person has a computer, whether it is used for fun, school, Internet connection, graphic arts, or music. Computers have revolutionized our lives, whether that is a good or bad thing is the question. Do we create and control the computers, or have our own inventions taken such a hold on our lives, that they now control us? Aldous Huxley uses Henry Ford as the basis for an omni powerful leader who enforces the new values of efficiency through a totalitarian and mind-controlling government; subsequently, Huxley creates Brave New World to warn us of the effect that technology will have on our lives in the future.In one aspect, Ford is depicted as the leader of a totalitarian government centralized on creating constant happiness through stability. There are three main ways that Ford, or the government, creates stability in the society: predestination and a caste system, brainwashing (commonly through hypnopaedia), and soma. It is the belief that happiness causes stability, and stability causes efficiency. People like their jobs and are happy with their social status due to their chemical conditioning and the constant implementing of subconscious ideas. Since people are happy with their jobs and position in society, they are not compelled to rebel or challenge authority; stability. On the central hatchery and conditioning center in London is the World States motto, COMMUNITY, IDENTITY, STABILITY,(Huxley 3). Community is the value of this society that everything is for the greater good, and not for the individual. It can be questioned what is meant of identity here. A possibility is that Huxley is mocking the lack of individuality among society. It also may refer to the identity that the Brave New World has as a whole, rejecting the identity of individuals. Through the predestination of people, Stability is achieved, alas the word stability on the building: We also predestine and condition. We decant our babies as socialized human beings,(13). Not only are individuals programmed for a certain job and social position, the idea of conformity is taken to an extreme. Bokanovskys Process is a method in which one embryo divides many times, creating dozens of basically the same person: Bokanovskys Process is one of the major instruments of social stability!(7), the Director explains to a group of students. Birth is no longer a human event; all babies are raised in tubes instead of in a womb. There is no suspense in how the baby will turn out; it is genetically engineered to be perfect, Standard men and women; in uniform batches,(7). By controlling all births, the government is able to regulate the population to stabilize the population at this momentPodsnaps Technique could make sure of at least a hundred and fifty mature eggs within two years,(8). .ub81dc63f2fee345b8c72135a1395216a , .ub81dc63f2fee345b8c72135a1395216a .postImageUrl , .ub81dc63f2fee345b8c72135a1395216a .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ub81dc63f2fee345b8c72135a1395216a , .ub81dc63f2fee345b8c72135a1395216a:hover , .ub81dc63f2fee345b8c72135a1395216a:visited , .ub81dc63f2fee345b8c72135a1395216a:active { border:0!important; } .ub81dc63f2fee345b8c72135a1395216a .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ub81dc63f2fee345b8c72135a1395216a { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ub81dc63f2fee345b8c72135a1395216a:active , .ub81dc63f2fee345b8c72135a1395216a:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ub81dc63f2fee345b8c72135a1395216a .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ub81dc63f2fee345b8c72135a1395216a .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ub81dc63f2fee345b8c72135a1395216a .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ub81dc63f2fee345b8c72135a1395216a .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ub81dc63f2fee345b8c72135a1395216a:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ub81dc63f2fee345b8c72135a1395216a .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ub81dc63f2fee345b8c72135a1395216a .ub81dc63f2fee345b8c72135a1395216a-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ub81dc63f2fee345b8c72135a1395216a:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Student Athletes Essay The name podsnap gives the impression of a machine (like a pod on a spaceship). It also gives the impression of conformity (two peas in a pod) and family. Because these people do not have parents or siblings, the closest equivalent to kin are your twins. The creation of a caste system, and the submission of the population to it, allows the government to create an efficient society. This caste system is kept